Stratification is the term used when the sea becomes layered due to changes in temperature and salinity with depth. The seasonal cycle of stratification in shelf-seas is subject to significant interannual variability in timing and strength.

Modelling suggests that over the last 40 years, the timing of peak stratification in the Irish Sea has become later by about 20 days.

Possible changes in timing and strength of stratification.

Changes to rainfall seasonality and extreme events may impact stratification in areas of freshwater influence, such as estuaries.

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